Published Works and Archival Documents on the Circassian Genocide
Author
G. N. Kazbek
Document Type
Book
Classification
Primary Sources
Publisher
Melikov and Co. Printing House
Location
Tblisi
Year
1865
Language
Russian
Г. Казбекъ / G. Kazbek, Военная история Грузинского гренадерского е. и. в. великого князя Константина Николаевича полка, в связи с историей Кавказской войны / Military history of the Georgian Grenadier Regiment of His Imperial Majesty Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, in connection with the history of the Caucasian War (Tiflis, 1865) Written by Lieutenant G. Kazbek, an officer of the Georgian Grenadier Regiment of the Imperial Russian Army, this 298-page volume presents a regimental history of the Caucasian War (1799–1864) from the perspective of a direct participant.
Published in Tiflis just one year after the war's conclusion, it stands as a candid firsthand account of Russian military operations across the Caucasus, accompanied by nine maps and battle plans. Though conceived as a tribute to the regiment's martial record, the work inadvertently constitutes one of the most detailed Russian-language primary sources documenting the systematic destruction of Circassian society. Chapters IX and X, covering the campaigns in the Kuban region between 1860 and 1864, are of particular significance for the study of the Circassian Genocide.
Kazbek reproduces in full the strategic directives of General-Adjutant Yevdokimov, who explicitly ordered the forcible removal of the mountain population to the plains and the colonization of their lands with Cossack settlers — a plan the author himself describes as wielding "not bayonets and cannons, but axes and spades." Subsequent pages document, with military precision, the burning of dozens of Circassian villages, the destruction of food stores and harvests, the forced displacement of tens of thousands, and the final amphibious operations of April–May 1864 that brought the last free communities of the western Caucasus under Russian control.
A footnote on page 290 matter-of-factly records that by mid-1864 the number of Circassian deportees to the Ottoman Empire had reached 300,000. As a source produced by the perpetrating state, A Military History of the Georgian Grenadier Regiment carries the particular evidentiary weight of an unguarded confession: its author did not write to condemn what he witnessed, but precisely because he did not, his account preserves the operational logic of ethnic cleansing in the Caucasus with a clarity that later Russian imperial historiography would rarely permit.

