The end of the Caucasian War and the incorporation of the Caucasian territories into the Russian Empire resolved the military aspects of the problem, but did not eliminate its geopolitical and international diplomatic components. This was due to the formation by the end of the 19th century of a large and active Circassian diaspora in the Ottoman Empire, now represented by Circassian groups in Turkey and the Middle East and North Africa. Despite certain difficulties, the Circassian diaspora successfully navigated periods of integration and adaptation in host societies, while simultaneously maintaining its ethnic identity and demonstrating significant social activism, which was reflected in the institutionalization of Circassian societies, the reproduction and solidarity of shared cultural values, including the historical memory of the Caucasian War. The latter continues to be an ideological resource, especially for the radical wing of the Circassian diaspora, as demonstrated by the rise of the Circassian issue during the preparation and holding of the 2014 Winter Olympics. The events of the Arab Spring, and especially the tragic developments in Syria, demonstrated that the Circassian factor remains an important political factor, and continues to be a crucial component of the regional political and diplomatic process. Thus, it seems important to study the prerequisites and conditions for the formation of the “Circassian factor”, to determine its origins, and to analyze its influence on the political situation in the region under study. This study aims to identify the historical and contemporary role of the Circassian factor in the system of international relations in the Caucasus. Studying this topic is essential for a proper understanding of the characteristics of contemporary political processes in the region.